Reflections on 9 May – Europe Day From the European College of Parma Community

What does Europe mean to me?  Marco

Europe, to me, is the fertile value of diversity, the vital yearning for freedom, the deep roots of history.
Europe is the intoxicating magic of art, the primordial beauty of nature, the solid and peaceful strength of culture.
It is the place of sacred respect for the individual and, at the same time, of the individual’s responsibility toward the community.
Where the pluralism of ideas, the protection of rights, and the promotion of talents—free to compete and cooperate—create the conditions to generate widespread prosperity and well-being.
Europe, for all of this, is my home. Europe is my home.
And I hope—and wholeheartedly wish—that it will always remain so, even stronger and more open to the world, for my children and for my grandchildren.

 

What does Europe mean to me?                 

To me Europe is a space where community, security, opportunity, and freedom come together. Yet, for many, today Europe is distant, uncertain, even irrelevant. That’s why I believe education on European issues is essential to bridge these gaps, understand our shared challenges, and strengthen our sense of belonging.

Only through knowledge can we become aware citizens and active participants in shaping the Union’s future.

 

What does Europe mean to me?                   Francesca Pallucchini

To me, Europe represents both a lived reality and a shared aspiration, a project rooted in peace, unity, and the belief that cooperation can transcend conflict. As we commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, I reflect not only on Europe’s historical achievements but on what the European Union continues to mean for my generation and for the future we are shaping together.

Europe is, first and foremost, a space of peace. The Schuman Declaration envisioned a continent where war would no longer be “merely unthinkable, but materially impossible”. This vision laid the foundations for unprecedented stability, replacing centuries of rivalry with dialogue and interdependence. For me, the EU is a daily reminder that diplomacy, compromise, and shared institutions can overcome even the most deeply rooted divisions.

Europe is also a community of values. Democracy, the rule of law, human dignity, and solidarity are not abstract principles. They are guiding lights that shape policies, protect citizens, and strengthen our societies.

As someone deeply interested in European law and public policy, I admire the EU’s commitment to upholding these values in an increasingly complex and challenging global landscape. They are not always  easy to defend, but they remain essential.

Personally, Europe has given me opportunities that would not have existed without integration. The ability to study in different languages, to collaborate with peers across borders, to travel freely and feel at home in  multiple countries, these experiences have shaped who I am. They have made me more open, more  curious, and more conscious of the responsibility that comes with being a European citizen.

Europe is more than institutions and freedoms. It is a union of diversity. What inspires me most is how the  EU turns difference into strength, how 27 nations, each with its own language, history, and identity, come  together to legislate, to negotiate, and to imagine a common future. It is not always smooth, but the very  act of coming together is what gives Europe its unique character and resilience.

At the same time, Europe is a project still in progress. New challenges like climate change, migration, democratic backsliding, and geopolitical instability, demand renewed commitment. The Schuman Declaration was bold in its time, but its spirit of innovation and cooperation is just as necessary today. Being European means engaging actively in this evolving story, contributing ideas, holding institutions accountable, and never taking unity for granted.

To me, Europe is hope, not naïve optimism, but the belief that we are stronger when we work together, even across our differences. It is both a privilege and a responsibility to be part of this Union, and I am committed to helping shape its future.

Seventy-five years after Robert Schuman’s vision, I see Europe not just as a political structure, but as a promise of peace, progress, and belonging.

 

What does Europe mean to me?                   Augusto Crestani

Europe is a promise of peace and prosperity. After 75 years from the Schuman declaration, which prompted the creation of the first European Community, European Union can rightly celebrate having kept the promise. Certainly, it is not perfect and many people complain about the Union, but latest generations never fought a war in Europe and average Europeans enjoy a good lifestyle, in democratic and economically advanced states.

Europe is a guarantee for all our rights and freedoms. European Union represents an area of freedom that is exceptional in the world. A great part of the world under authoritarian regimes and affected by economic underdevelopment does not recognize at all rights and freedoms considered normal, if not taken for granted, by an average European.

Europe is a method. Europe is the importance of all the voices involved that through difficult processes try to achieve a good or at least acceptable decisions for all. A supranational democratic organization which is unique in its genre. It is sufficient to understand the uniqueness of the European Union considering the difficulty to reach agreements between 27 member states or even to achieve a qualified majority, without mentioning the difficulties of the work of a multinational Parliament with all the different languages spoken which need to reach a majority too when involved in the legislative process.

Europe is diverse and notwithstanding the diversities, member states found a way to coexist peacefully in a continent in which war was the standard mean to solve disputes between states.

Europe is a comforting hope. The possibility to achieve a better level of prosperity joining the forces of the different European economies. The possibility to enrich every country with the experience of the others. The possibility of economic or political synergies. The possibility of free movement, to find a job everywhere in the Union or to decide to stay in your home country.

Europe is a complex legal structure which implies the integration of many different national laws under the primacy of the European law. Europe is the stability represented by the European Central Bank and the single currency.

Europe is the Single Market. A great occasion for all our enterprises to be able to compete in a larger market than the national one, a possibility for a richer growth. It implies the four freedoms that in a certain way changed lives of Europeans.

Europe is the Erasmus project. The possibility for European students to experience life in another country during the university years and to understand how wide is our Union and how diverse Europeans are although part of the same story of integration.

Europe is the possibility for all member states to be part of an entity capable to play a role on the

world stage. European Union together could compete with all the great powers in all fields.

In conclusion, for me Europe is the only path toward a peaceful and prosperous future.

 

What does Europe mean to me?                      Matteo Sartorio

The European Union represents one of the greatest achievements of human civilization, a lasting example of what people can accomplish through peace, cooperation, and common values.

Established in the aftermath of devastating wars, the EU reflects the profound realization that war not only blocks economic progress but also harms the moral and personal growth of individuals and societies.

It represents a major change in how the region sees itself, built on a strong commitment to universal human rights and values as its core foundation and guiding principle.

Yet, the EU is not merely a product of history; it is also a new and developing project, a living engine of integration that continues to promote, protect, and practice its values of democracy, human rights and rule of law daily across its 27 Member States.

In doing so, the EU can only be viewed as both a symbol and a mechanism of ongoing progress, showing that unity in diversity is not only possible, but essential for a better future, not just in Europe, but potentially everywhere.

 

What does mean Europe for me?                      Laura Gigliotti

Europe means a common space made of geographical references but mainly, a reality where common values are shared.

At the core, there is a historical heritage made by references and events that are part of the common traditional background of European countries. The idea of political Europe is not just a result of the last seventy years, however we can affirm that it becomes effective through the creation of a stable institutional system in 1957, with the signature of the Treaty of Rome. The definition of European Union is due instead to the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992.

The transition from the concept of “Community” to the strongest concept of “European Union” was significant, because at a certain point, the Member States become mature enough to recognize that they were connected one to each other by something that was not only economic advantages. Today the EU is neither a state, nor a classical international organization because institutional decisions have a strong impact on the life of European citizens as well as the national ones.

Europe is a unique creature, based on the dream of unity and peace in the continent that had been struggled by conflicts for centuries. Furthermore, it did not remain a general aspiration written on some dusty declarations, but it becomes concrete, economically, politically and socially speaking. Therefore, awareness about EU structure and activities is fundamental to fully exercising the European citizenship. I am strongly convinced that the path must be oriented to an important and fundamental step to make Europe a true federal entity, thus the project of a common Constitution.

We have already the basis in the European Fundamental Rights Charter and in the “common constitutional traditions of Member States”.

It would be illusory to consider at the state of facts, European Union the “best of all possible words”. There are many improvements that should be made on track to deepen integration. Europe means complexity and fragmentation and frequently Member States tend to emphasize their internal

sovereignty on relevant issues like migration, environment and social protection. Present and future challenges must be managed together because European countries are not longer competitive compared to giants as US or China.

Furthermore, I firmly believe that in Europe it is fundamental to choose “what do we want to do when we grow up”. The international context is in front of a crossroads concerning, on one side, wars and on the other side A.I. (ontological) revolution and the EU should move from adolescence to adulthood, shaping its own identity and becoming capable of maintaining a firm and common stance.

This is possible only going back to the genesis of the Union to recover the original purpose, then adapting it to contemporaneity. To be more concrete, original guidelines like the principles of democracy, equality and peace should be integrated with environmental protection and human oriented technology.

 

What does Europe mean to me?                  Matteo Pintore

In my teens, as most teenagers do, I started having questions, wondering about all sorts of things. I felt my understanding of the world was limited, and I needed to delve further, read what other more intelligent and experienced people had written in the times past on the most fundamental questions of human experience.

I, of course, had already been doing some of that work because of school, reading Italian authors such as Dante, Montale, D’Annunzio etc. but they were not nearly enough. I found a strong foundation in Kierkegaard, then Žižek, Chesterton, Camus, Ionesco, Pastakas, and many others. Entering (young) adulthood, my conscience, belief system, my reasoning were shaped by a multitude of authors from different nations, and while I did of course feel my identity as an Italian, I also felt a strong kinship with my fellow Europeans, with whom I sometimes and paradoxically felt I shared more than with my own fellow countrymen. It was nice to know that thanks to the efforts of great statesmen such as Schumann, De Gasperi, Delors and many others, that feeling needed not be simply a feature of my character, but had already been translated into a common political entity that allowed us to have a shared identity not just in mind but in practice.

I began to see how the interconnectedness of European nations could foster not just economic prosperity, but also cultural exchange and intellectual growth. The European Union, with its open borders and collaborative frameworks, has become a symbol of hope and progress, a beacon of freedom based on the fundamental values that were developed in this continent and are, now, under threat. The original idea of Europe, one in which nationalism and isolationism could be overcome by cooperation and mutual understanding, has been overshadowed by the material failings of the economy in recent years, giving rise across the globe to movements that seek to return to a world of palisades,

bombs and horror.

We have grown accustomed to our state of (relative) prosperity and freedom. While some may advocate for turning our backs to all the progress we have made, I firmly believe that we should strive for greater openness, rather than entrenchment; exchange rather than isolation. The idea of a united Europe still holds immense potential waiting to be realized, and it is up to us to do so.

 

What does Europe mean to me?                   Veronica Dreassi

To me, Europe is not merely a continent or a group of countries – it is, first and foremost, a space of exchange, communication, and safety. It is a place where ideas, languages, history, cultures, traditions, and above all people flow across borders, thus creating a unique model of integration.

I have never truly felt I belonged to just one state. Indeed, my sense of belonging has always been broader, especially considering that I come from a cross-border region. That is why, from my perspective, being European is much more than a simple consideration – it is a privilege to be protected and defended.

Being part of Europe means belonging to a community of people who, despite their differences, have chosen to share a common path. Together, we agreed to build our future on communication and peace, rather than division and conflict.

To conclude, Europe can be compared to a safe harbour where to seek protection during uncertain times. An extraordinary example of cooperation. It is our past, our present and our future.

 

What does Europe mean to me?                 Valentina Giombetti

“United in diversity”, there is no better way to begin explaining what Europe means to me. We are 27 countries with different cultures, languages, traditions, political thoughts, and yet, we were able to create a new and unique entity, the European Union, which even experts find it hard to define, since it is a completely innovative organization. I do not want to focus on what the European Union technically is, but rather on what it represents to me. The EU means opportunity, freedom, multiculturalism, multilingualism, and strength, but also challenge, negotiation, and compromise. This is to say that thanks to the EU we enjoy a lot of rights and benefits, but they were not easily achieved. The European Union that we know today is the result of a long and complex process, in which the member states had to learn to establish a dialogue, to reach compromises, and to work together.

When people ask me why I care so much about the EU and why it is important to me, the first thing that comes to mind is: free movement. I belong to the “Schengen and Euro generation”, I have never used the old Italian currency, and I have never experienced border controls inside the EU. Only when I travelled outside the EU/Schengen Area and faced all the bureaucracy of getting a visa, I truly realised how lucky we are as Europeans to be able to enjoy the ease of movement.

My high school teacher once told me: “When you travel outside Europe, you will understand what being European means”. Well, I have understood that being part of the EU is a privilege, but we cannot take it for granted. The EU is an evolving project, and each of us can help shape its future.

May 9: Europe 75 Years After the Schuman Declaration

Alfredo De Feo

 

May 9 is an important date for Europe: the declaration launched by Robert Schuman in 1950 marked the beginning of the European project and opened an unprecedented period of peace in the history of our countries.

The idea of building peace in Europe through cooperation between states originated with the Ventotene Manifesto by Spinelli, Rossi, and Colorni, and with Winston Churchill’s exhortations in his famous speeches in Zurich and The Hague. But it was Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister, who concretely rose to the challenge by appealing to other states, translating the idealistic drive of Spinelli and others into political action.

On May 8, Schuman presented his plan—prepared in the utmost secrecy together with Jean Monnet—to the Economy Ministers of the United Kingdom, Italy, and the three Benelux countries. That evening, all preparatory documents were destroyed. After securing the agreement of the five countries’ ministers, Schuman sent a personal emissary to Bonn to inform Konrad Adenauer of the French proposal. The following morning, upon receiving news of Chancellor Adenauer’s enthusiastic reaction, Schuman informed the French government and called the press conference to be held at the Quai d’Orsay on May 9 at 6 p.m.

Thus, Robert Schuman presented the declaration that would pave the way for the gradual integration process of the six founding countries of the European Community.

The Schuman Declaration clearly outlined a series of objectives that were shared by statesmen like Konrad Adenauer, Alcide De Gasperi, and the Benelux countries. A small detail: discussions between these post-war leaders were conducted in German.

The language of the declaration is simple, and while it states the ambitious goal of building European unity, it does so realistically: “Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity.”

The deeper motivation of the declaration is found in its opening lines: “Europe has not been made: we had war… World peace cannot be safeguarded without the making of creative efforts proportionate to the dangers which threaten it.”

Therefore, May 9, 1950, sets the goal of building and preserving peace.

However, remembering such an important anniversary should not only be about looking back—it must also be an occasion to reflect on the present and the future. Europe has been built step by step. Jean Monnet believed that Europe would be forged in crises and would be the result of the solutions adopted in response. When everything seemed lost, everything started again. That is what gives us hope.

In the Europe of Delors, European idealism prevailed: the realization of the Single Market, the fall of the Berlin Wall, enthusiasm for the emerging democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, and last but not least, the creation of the single currency.

The dawn of the new millennium saw growing skepticism toward the integration process. The challenges faced by countries joining the EU, financial and Eurozone crises, Brexit, the pandemic, Russian expansionism, and the shift in the U.S. administration have all subjected today’s Europe to a tough test whose outcome remains uncertain.

On the other hand, these very crises have helped rebuild a renewed European unity, allowing for united negotiations with the United Kingdom, support for Ukraine, the launch of joint debt through the Recovery and Resilience Plan—measures which, despite challenges in implementation, have restored hope and a sense of European belonging among a majority of EU citizens.

That said, we cannot ignore worrying signs: the rise of nationalist and pro-Russian parties in many European countries, the divisive rhetoric of the new American administration. The geopolitical landscape is shifting, but a new balance has not yet been reached. Statements from President Trump, President von der Leyen, Prime Minister Meloni, and other world leaders are part of a strategic game that must eventually settle.

Europe undoubtedly has weaknesses, especially in technology and innovation capacity—many of which are due to a non-Europe, that is, all that Europe could have done but has not yet accomplished. The conclusions of the Letta Report on completing the single market, the upcoming report by Mario Draghi on revitalizing European competitiveness, and the recommendations of ECB President Christine Lagarde, who urges swift reform, all give reason to hope that there is still room for a European relaunch.

In conclusion, Europe possesses many tools to defend its sovereignty and development model. Let us hope that states, under the guidance and coordination of the EU institutions, make courageous decisions—as they have in the past—because that is how Europe works today. We must not hide behind the excuse of unanimity. In the past, many key decisions were taken by the states that believed in them, leaving the door open to others. This was the case with the creation of the Euro and the Schengen Agreement, which abolished internal borders within the Union. The “Europe of the willing” can again allow us to make a leap forward in this time of crisis.

Edited by Edward Lynch

 

https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/ninth_and_final_draft_of_the_schuman_declaration_6_may_1950-en-4909847d-df12-4c67-83d2-8e0978da025b.html 

Which majority to appoint the President of the European Council?

José Luis Pacheco 

It may not be very important, but it is telling about the lack of knowledge of European affairs by the media sphere (and consequently public opinion). 

 Many papers, including some commonly considered as a reference have noticed that the election of the President of the European Council is made by this body deciding by qualified majority. The same applies to the nomination of the candidate for President of the Commission and with the election of the High Representative Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.   So far so good. But then they add that this means the favorable vote of 55% of the member states, corresponding at least to 65% of the population of the Union. This amounts to 15 Member States (without taking into consideration the population factor). 

It is wrong!  

That is the qualified majority required when the Council or the European Council decide on the basis of a proposal from the Commission. But in this case there is no proposal from the Commission. It is member states themselves who propose names to the nominations. In such cases, when the decision is not taken on the basis of a proposal from the Commission, the qualified majority requires the favorable vote of 72% of the member states, representing at least 65% of the population of the Union. This means 20 member states (quite a difference as compared to 15). It results from art. 15(6) TUE and from article 235(1) TFEU, which calls for the application of art. 16(4) TUE and 238(2) TFEU to the decision-making procedure in the European Council. 

It is bad enough when such mistakes can be read in prestigious papers. But it is much worse when the error can be found on the site of the European Commission itself, which serves as guide for most of the press and for citizens.

The Political Agenda (Yet to Be Written) of President Von der Leyen Towards 2030

Alfredo De Feo, Scientific Director of the european college of Parma foundation

It is probably the first time since 1979 that the European press and media have dedicated so much space to Europe. After the initial controversies following the approval of the European Council’s proposed candidate, Ursula von der Leyen, by the new European Parliament with over 55% of the vote, a delicate phase has begun. This phase must lead to the definitive approval of the Commission that will guide the European process towards 2030. 

August, in particular, will be intense and challenging for the Commission President. President von der Leyen will need to balance the program she presented to the European Parliament, the competencies of the Commissioners, the parliamentary majority, the balance within the Council, and, importantly, gender parity. Only the right mix of these elements can ensure a smooth final passage before the European Parliament, leading to the Commission’s official start. 

The President of the Council will have to contend with the ambitions and demands of the twenty-seven governments, which include 13 center-right, 10 center-left, 2 right-wing, and transitional governments in France and Belgium.  

 Before voting to approve the Commission, the European Parliament will conduct hearings for each commissioner candidate through its respective parliamentary committees. In the past, the Parliament has rejected several commissioner candidates. The first instance was in 2004 when the Parliament rejected Rocco Buttiglione’s candidacy, forcing the Italian government to nominate Franco Frattini instead. Although not stipulated by the Treaties, this procedure has been respected by governments whose candidates have failed the parliamentary exam to avoid the risk of the entire Commission being rejected. 

To avoid this risk, governments must show flexibility by proposing competent candidates for the portfolios that President von der Leyen will assign to them. This step should not be underestimated. 

The Commissioners, along with the President, will shape the Commission’s policies. Among them will be Commissioners aligned with parties that voted against President von der Leyen. The real working program of the Commission will emerge from the balance formed within the Commission itself. In reality, President von der Leyen’s political agenda to guide Europe towards 2030 is still to be written. 

The candidate president’s programmatic speech to the European Parliament had political significance, especially regarding her personal commitment, but it does not constitute a work program. Once in office, the Commission will need to prepare proposals, considering the balance within the Commission, the significant parliamentary minority, and the positions of nine governments, five of which belong to the Conservative ECR group (Italy, Finland, Czech Republic, Sweden, and Belgium) and four to the Patriotic group. These parties range from Euro-opportunists to Euro-critics, Eurosceptics, or anti-Europeans. 

Beyond the program presented to the European Parliament, the task of the likely Commission President until 2029 will be much more complex. The proposals emerging from the College of Commissioners will face a legislative procedure that can only be concluded with a compromise between the two branches of the legislative power. The Commission must foster the best compromise while considering the trends from the European vote and the positions of a third of the states, knowing that unanimity is not always necessary within the Council. 

The real challenge for President von der Leyen will be to set a European policy that is more sustainable for European citizens and businesses. Only this political agenda can reduce the dissatisfaction that has largely fueled nationalist parties.  

Published in Gazzetta di Parma on August 5, 2024 

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